Artificial intelligence has emerged as a transformative economic force, reshaping the global industrial and financial landscape with unprecedented speed. In emerging economies, where technological adoption often runs parallel with socioeconomic disparities, the infusion of AI represents both an opportunity and a challenge. This research explores how artificial intelligence is influencing economic structures, productivity, employment, innovation ecosystems, and governance models in developing nations. It highlights the dynamic interplay between automation and labor markets, the acceleration of data-driven industries, and the implications of algorithmic decision-making for inclusive growth. The paper provides a theoretical and empirical overview of the economic impact of AI across key emerging regions such as India, Brazil, South Africa, Indonesia, and Nigeria, tracing patterns of investment, policy adaptation, and industrial transformation. The analysis reveals that while AI-driven automation enhances efficiency and reduces operational costs, it simultaneously risks widening the inequality gap through job polarization and skill mismatches. It also underscores that the integration of AI technologies catalyzes entrepreneurship, strengthens digital infrastructure, and propels financial inclusion, provided that policy frameworks and institutional capacities evolve simultaneously. The study concludes that sustainable AI-led economic growth in emerging markets depends not only on technological readiness but also on education reforms, regulatory foresight, and ethical frameworks ensuring human-centric innovation.