/* Global Academic Journal Stylesheet */
/* Professional Academic Journal Design System with Enhanced Animations */

/* Import Google Fonts */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Crimson+Text:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400&family=Lora:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@300;400;600;700&family=Open+Sans:wght@400;600;700&family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&family=Space+Grotesk:wght@300;400;500;600;700&display=swap');

/* CSS Variables */
:root {
    /* Advanced Academic Color Palette - Light Combo */
    --primary-dark: #f0f9ff;
    --secondary-dark: #e0f2fe;
    --tertiary-dark: #cffafe;
    --accent-red: #dc2626;
    --accent-red-light: #ef4444;
    --accent-red-dark: #b91c1c;
    --accent-blue: #2563eb;
    --accent-blue-light: #3b82f6;
    --accent-gold: #f59e0b;
    --accent-green: #10b981;
    --text-primary: #0f172a;
    --text-secondary: #1e293b;
    --text-muted: #475569;
    --text-light: #64748b;
    --bg-light: #f0f9ff;
    --bg-white: #ffffff;
    --bg-gradient-start: #ffffff;
    --bg-gradient-end: #f0f9ff;
    --border-light: #bae6fd;
    --border-medium: #7dd3fc;
    --border-dark: #94a3b8;
    --shadow-light: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    --shadow-medium: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    --shadow-heavy: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    
    /* Advanced Typography Scale */
    --font-serif: 'Crimson Text', 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --font-serif-alt: 'Lora', Georgia, serif;
    --font-sans: 'Inter', 'Source Sans Pro', 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif;
    --font-display: 'Space Grotesk', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    
    /* Advanced Spacing Scale */
    --spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
    --spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
    --spacing-md: 1rem;
    --spacing-lg: 1.5rem;
    --spacing-xl: 2rem;
    --spacing-xxl: 3rem;
    --spacing-xxxl: 4rem;
    
    /* Advanced Border Radius */
    --radius-xs: 2px;
    --radius-sm: 4px;
    --radius-md: 6px;
    --radius-lg: 8px;
    --radius-xl: 12px;
    --radius-2xl: 16px;
    --radius-3xl: 24px;
    --radius-full: 9999px;
    
    /* Advanced Transitions */
    --transition-fast: 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    --transition-medium: 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    --transition-slow: 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    --transition-bounce: 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.265, 1.55);
    --transition-smooth: 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
    --transition-elastic: 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.6, 0.32, 1.6);
    
    /* Glass Morphism */
    --glass-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    --glass-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    --glass-shadow: 0 8px 32px 0 rgba(31, 38, 135, 0.15);
}

/* Global Reset & Base Styles */
* {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 16px;
}

body {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-gradient-start) 0%, var(--bg-gradient-end) 100%);
    background-attachment: fixed;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-feature-settings: 'kern' 1, 'liga' 1;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    position: relative;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* Animated Background Particles */
body::before {
    content: '';
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-image:
        radial-gradient(circle at 20% 50%, rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 80% 80%, rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 40% 20%, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%);
    animation: floatingParticles 20s ease-in-out infinite;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: -1;
}

@keyframes floatingParticles {
    0%, 100% {
        transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
        opacity: 0.3;
    }
    25% {
        transform: translate(-20px, -20px) rotate(90deg);
        opacity: 0.5;
    }
    50% {
        transform: translate(20px, -10px) rotate(180deg);
        opacity: 0.4;
    }
    75% {
        transform: translate(-10px, 20px) rotate(270deg);
        opacity: 0.6;
    }
}

/* Page Loading Animation */
.page-loader {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-gradient-start) 0%, var(--bg-gradient-end) 100%);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 9999;
    transition: opacity 0.5s ease-out, visibility 0.5s ease-out;
}

.page-loader.hidden {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

.loader-content {
    text-align: center;
    animation: loaderFadeIn 0.6s ease-out;
}

@keyframes loaderFadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.loader-spinner {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    border: 3px solid var(--border-light);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--accent-red);
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite, pulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
    margin: 0 auto var(--spacing-md);
}

.loader-text {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Page Loading Animation */
.page-loader {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-gradient-start) 0%, var(--bg-gradient-end) 100%);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 9999;
    transition: opacity 0.5s ease-out, visibility 0.5s ease-out;
}

.page-loader.hidden {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

.loader-content {
    text-align: center;
    animation: loaderFadeIn 0.6s ease-out;
}

@keyframes loaderFadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.loader-spinner {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    border: 3px solid var(--border-light);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--accent-red);
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite, pulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
    margin: 0 auto var(--spacing-md);
}

@keyframes spin {
    0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
    100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

@keyframes pulse {
    0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); }
    50% { transform: scale(1.1); }
}

.loader-text {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Advanced Typography Hierarchy */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-weight: 800;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-dark) 0%, var(--secondary-dark) 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

h2::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-light) 100%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

h3 {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 600;
}

h4 {
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem);
    font-weight: 600;
}

h5 {
    font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 600;
}

h6 {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.25rem);
    font-weight: 600;
}

p {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-size: 1rem;
    max-width: 65ch;
}

a {
    color: var(--accent-red);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-light) 100%);
    transition: width var(--transition-medium);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-red-dark);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Advanced Text Selection */
::selection {
    background: var(--accent-red);
    color: white;
    text-shadow: none;
}

::-moz-selection {
    background: var(--accent-red);
    color: white;
    text-shadow: none;
}

/* Advanced Focus Styles */
:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent-red);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* Advanced Academic Header */
.academic-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff 0%, #e0f2fe 50%, #cffafe 100%);
    color: #0f172a;
    padding: var(--spacing-xxl) 0;
    text-align: center;
    border-bottom: 4px solid var(--accent-red);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    animation: headerGradient 15s ease infinite;
}

@keyframes headerGradient {
    0%, 100% { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff 0%, #e0f2fe 50%, #cffafe 100%); }
    50% { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #cffafe 50%, #f0f9ff 100%); }
}

.academic-header::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><defs><pattern id="grid" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><path d="M 20 0 L 0 0 0 20" fill="none" stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.05)" stroke-width="1"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(%23grid)"/></svg>');
    pointer-events: none;
    animation: gridMove 20s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes gridMove {
    0% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
    100% { transform: translate(20px, 20px); }
}

.academic-header::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -50%;
    left: -50%;
    width: 200%;
    height: 200%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.1) 0%, transparent 70%);
    animation: pulse 4s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes pulse {
    0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.5; }
    50% { transform: scale(1.1); opacity: 0.8; }
}

.academic-header h1 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
    font-weight: 800;
    margin: 0;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    color: #0f172a !important;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    animation: titleGlow 3s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes titleGlow {
    0% { text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); }
    100% { text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.2); }
}

.academic-header p {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
    opacity: 0.95;
    font-style: italic;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    color: var(--text-secondary) !important;
    font-weight: 300;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Advanced Academic Navigation */
.navbar-academic {
    background: var(--glass-bg) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
}

.navbar-academic.scrolled {
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(25px) saturate(200%);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-heavy);
}

.navbar-academic .navbar-brand {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 3vw, 1.4rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-dark) !important;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    position: relative;
}

.navbar-academic .navbar-brand::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-light) 100%);
    transition: width var(--transition-medium);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

.navbar-academic .navbar-brand:hover::before {
    width: 100%;
}

.navbar-academic .navbar-brand i {
    color: var(--accent-red);
    font-size: 1.2em;
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.navbar-academic .navbar-brand:hover i {
    transform: rotate(10deg) scale(1.1);
}

.navbar-academic .nav-link {
    color: var(--text-primary) !important;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 var(--spacing-xs);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    position: relative;
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm) !important;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.navbar-academic .nav-link::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 50%;
    width: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-light) 100%);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

.navbar-academic .nav-link:hover::before,
.navbar-academic .nav-link.active::before {
    width: 80%;
}

.navbar-academic .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-academic .nav-link.active {
    color: var(--accent-red) !important;
    background: rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.05);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.navbar-academic .nav-link i {
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.navbar-academic .nav-link:hover i {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.navbar-academic .btn {
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.navbar-academic .btn::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.3), transparent);
    transition: left 0.6s;
}

.navbar-academic .btn:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

/* Advanced Academic Buttons */
.btn-academic {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-dark) 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    transform: translateZ(0);
    will-change: transform, box-shadow;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.btn-academic::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.3), transparent);
    transition: left 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.btn-academic::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    border-radius: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    transition: width 0.6s, height 0.6s;
}

.btn-academic:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.btn-academic:hover::after {
    width: 300px;
    height: 300px;
}

.btn-academic:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-red-light) 0%, var(--accent-red) 100%);
    transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.05);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-heavy);
    color: white;
}

.btn-academic:active {
    transform: translateY(-1px) scale(1.02);
    transition: all 0.1s;
}

.btn-outline-academic {
    background: transparent;
    border: 2px solid var(--accent-red);
    color: var(--accent-red);
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.btn-outline-academic::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red), var(--accent-red-light));
    transition: width 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    z-index: -1;
}

.btn-outline-academic:hover::before {
    width: 100%;
}

.btn-outline-academic:hover {
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.05);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-heavy);
    border-color: var(--accent-red-light);
}

.btn-outline-academic:active {
    transform: translateY(-1px) scale(1.02);
    transition: all 0.1s;
}

/* Advanced Academic Cards */
.academic-card {
    background: var(--bg-white);
    border: none;
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent-red);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
    transition: all var(--transition-smooth);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    transform: translateZ(0);
    will-change: transform, box-shadow;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
    perspective: 1000px;
}

.academic-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 5px;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-dark) 100%);
    transition: background var(--transition-medium);
}

.academic-card::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.02) 0%, transparent 50%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--transition-medium);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.academic-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.02);
    transition: all var(--transition-smooth);
}

/* Enhanced Card 3D Effect - No color overlay */
.academic-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 0%, transparent 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.01) 100%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--transition-medium);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 1;
}

.academic-card:hover::before {
    opacity: 0.3; /* Much more subtle */
}

/* Card Parallax Effect on Scroll */
.academic-card .card-body {
    transition: transform var(--transition-smooth);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.academic-card:hover .card-body {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.academic-card:hover::before {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-red-light) 0%, var(--accent-red) 100%);
}

.academic-card:hover::after {
    opacity: 1;
}

.academic-card-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-dark) 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border: none;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.academic-card-header::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.1), transparent);
    transition: left 0.6s;
}

.academic-card:hover .academic-card-header::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.academic-card-body {
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Advanced Academic Section Titles */
.section-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xxl);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent-red);
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-dark) 0%, var(--secondary-dark) 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -3px;
    left: 50%;
    width: 80px;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-light) 100%);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    animation: titleUnderline 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes titleUnderline {
    0%, 100% { width: 80px; opacity: 1; }
    50% { width: 120px; opacity: 0.7; }
}

/* Academic Article Styles */
.article-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif-alt);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    margin: 0 0 var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-author {
    color: var(--accent-red);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.article-meta {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-date {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-style: italic;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.article-date i {
    color: var(--accent-red);
}

.article-keywords {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.article-keyword {
    display: inline-block;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    margin-right: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.article-keyword:hover {
    background: var(--accent-red);
    color: white;
    border-color: var(--accent-red);
}

.article-abstract {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
}

/* Academic Footer */
.academic-footer {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #cffafe 100%);
    color: #0f172a;
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xxl);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-red);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.academic-footer::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><defs><pattern id="grid" width="10" height="10" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><path d="M 10 0 L 0 0 0 10" fill="none" stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.03)" stroke-width="1"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(%23grid)"/></svg>');
    pointer-events: none;
}

.footer-content {
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.footer-content p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.footer-content .footer-year {
    color: var(--accent-red);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.footer-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.footer-links a {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
    position: relative;
}

.footer-links a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--accent-red);
    transition: width var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-links a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-red);
}

/* Advanced Academic Forms */
.academic-form {
    background: var(--bg-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-xxl);
    border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-heavy);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent-red);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.academic-form::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.02) 0%, transparent 50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.form-label-academic {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.025em;
    position: relative;
}

.form-label-academic i {
    color: var(--accent-red);
    font-size: 1.1em;
    transition: transform var(--transition-medium);
}

.form-label-academic:hover i {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.form-control-academic {
    border: 2px solid var(--border-medium);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    background: var(--bg-white);
    position: relative;
    transform: translateZ(0);
}

.form-control-academic:hover {
    border-color: var(--border-dark);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.1);
}

.form-control-academic:focus {
    border-color: var(--accent-red);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.15), 0 0 0 3px rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.1);
    outline: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-white) 0%, rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.8) 100%);
}

.form-control-academic::placeholder {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-style: italic;
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.form-control-academic:focus::placeholder {
    opacity: 0.6;
}

/* Academic Alerts */
.alert-academic {
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border: none;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.alert-success-academic {
    background-color: #d4edda;
    color: #155724;
    border-left: 4px solid #28a745;
}

.alert-danger-academic {
    background-color: #f8d7da;
    color: #721c24;
    border-left: 4px solid #dc3545;
}

/* Academic Tables */
.table-academic {
    background: var(--bg-white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 12px var(--shadow-light);
}

.table-academic thead {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-dark) 100%);
    color: white;
}

.table-academic th {
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    border: none;
}

.table-academic td {
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.table-academic tbody tr {
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.table-academic tbody tr:hover {
    background-color: var(--bg-light);
}

/* Academic Badges */
.badge-academic {
    background: var(--accent-red);
    color: white;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Academic Icons */
.icon-academic {
    color: var(--accent-red);
    margin-right: var(--spacing-xs);
}

/* Academic Loading Spinner */
.spinner-academic {
    border: 3px solid var(--border-light);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--accent-red);
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) auto;
}

@keyframes spin {
    0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
    100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

/* Modern Loading States */
.skeleton-loader {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--bg-light) 25%, var(--border-light) 50%, var(--bg-light) 75%);
    background-size: 200% 100%;
    animation: skeletonLoading 1.5s infinite;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

@keyframes skeletonLoading {
    0% { background-position: 200% 0; }
    100% { background-position: -200% 0; }
}

.loading-dots {
    display: inline-flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    align-items: center;
}

.loading-dots span {
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    background: var(--accent-red);
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: dotPulse 1.4s infinite ease-in-out both;
}

.loading-dots span:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: -0.32s; }
.loading-dots span:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: -0.16s; }
.loading-dots span:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0s; }

@keyframes dotPulse {
    0%, 80%, 100% {
        transform: scale(0.8);
        opacity: 0.5;
    }
    40% {
        transform: scale(1);
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

.progress-ring {
    display: inline-block;
    position: relative;
}

.progress-ring circle {
    transition: stroke-dashoffset 0.35s;
    transform: rotate(-90deg);
    transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

.progress-ring-bg {
    stroke: var(--border-light);
}

.progress-ring-fill {
    stroke: var(--accent-red);
    stroke-linecap: round;
}

/* Enhanced Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .container {
        max-width: 95%;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .academic-header {
        padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
    }
    
    .section-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.5rem);
    }
    
    .academic-card {
        margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    }
    
    .navbar-academic .nav-link {
        padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm) !important;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .academic-header h1 {
        font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    }
    
    .section-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
        margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    }
    
    .academic-card {
        border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
        margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    }
    
    .academic-card:hover {
        transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.01);
    }
    
    .academic-card-body {
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    }
    
    .btn-academic,
    .btn-outline-academic {
        padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .navbar-academic .nav-link {
        margin: 0 var(--spacing-xs);
    }
    
    .form-control-academic {
        padding: var(--spacing-sm);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .academic-header {
        padding: var(--spacing-md) 0;
    }
    
    .academic-header h1 {
        font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 5vw, 1.75rem);
        letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    }
    
    .academic-header p {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .section-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 1.75rem);
        margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    }
    
    .academic-card {
        border-radius: var(--radius-md);
        margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    }
    
    .academic-card:hover {
        transform: translateY(-2px);
    }
    
    .academic-card-body {
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
    }
    
    .btn-academic,
    .btn-outline-academic {
        padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    
    .navbar-academic .navbar-brand {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }
    
    .navbar-academic .nav-link {
        margin: 0 var(--spacing-xs);
        padding: var(--spacing-xs) !important;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }
    
    .academic-form {
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
        border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    }
    
    .form-control-academic {
        padding: var(--spacing-sm);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

/* Advanced Dark Mode Support */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    :root {
        --bg-light: #1e293b;
        --bg-white: #0f172a;
        --bg-gradient-start: #0f172a;
        --bg-gradient-end: #1e293b;
        --text-primary: #f1f5f9;
        --text-secondary: #cbd5e1;
        --text-muted: #94a3b8;
        --text-light: #64748b;
        --border-light: #334155;
        --border-medium: #475569;
        --border-dark: #64748b;
        --shadow-light: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        --shadow-medium: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        --shadow-heavy: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        --glass-bg: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.8);
        --glass-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }
    
    body {
        background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-gradient-start) 0%, var(--bg-gradient-end) 100%);
    }
}

/* Advanced Scrollbar Styling */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: var(--bg-light);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--border-medium);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    transition: background var(--transition-medium);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: var(--accent-red);
}

/* Firefox Scrollbar */
* {
    scrollbar-width: thin;
    scrollbar-color: var(--border-medium) var(--bg-light);
}

/* Enhanced Print Styles */
@media print {
    .navbar-academic,
    .academic-footer,
    .btn,
    .no-print {
        display: none !important;
    }
    
    .academic-header {
        background: white !important;
        color: black !important;
        border-bottom: 2px solid black !important;
        padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0 !important;
    }
    
    .academic-header h1 {
        color: black !important;
        font-size: 2rem !important;
        background: none !important;
        -webkit-text-fill-color: black !important;
    }
    
    body {
        background: white !important;
        color: black !important;
        font-size: 12pt;
    }
    
    .academic-card {
        box-shadow: none !important;
        border: 1px solid #ddd !important;
        break-inside: avoid;
        margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
    }
    
    .academic-card-body {
        padding: 1rem !important;
    }
    
    .section-title {
        color: black !important;
        background: none !important;
        -webkit-text-fill-color: black !important;
        border-bottom: 2px solid black !important;
    }
    
    a {
        color: black !important;
        text-decoration: underline !important;
    }
    
    .btn-academic {
        background: white !important;
        color: black !important;
        border: 2px solid black !important;
    }
}

/* Academic Accessibility */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    * {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}

/* Academic Focus Styles */
.btn-academic:focus,
.btn-outline-academic:focus,
.form-control-academic:focus,
.navbar-academic .nav-link:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent-red);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

/* Light Content Sections */
main {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
    opacity: 1 !important; /* Ensure main content is always visible */
    transform: none !important; /* Override any transform that might hide content */
}

.container {
    background: var(--bg-white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
}

/* Ensure content containers are visible */
main.scroll-animate,
main.scroll-animate-left,
main.scroll-animate-right,
main.scroll-animate-scale {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
}

/* Ensure articles container is visible */
.articles-container {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
}

/* Scroll-Triggered Animations */
.scroll-animate {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
    transition: all 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
}

.scroll-animate.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.scroll-animate-left {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-30px);
    transition: all 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
}

.scroll-animate-left.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

.scroll-animate-right {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(30px);
    transition: all 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
}

.scroll-animate-right.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

.scroll-animate-scale {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.95);
    transition: all 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
}

.scroll-animate-scale.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: scale(1);
}

/* Fallback for content visibility */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
    .scroll-animate,
    .scroll-animate-left,
    .scroll-animate-right,
    .scroll-animate-scale {
        animation: forceVisible 2s forwards;
        animation-delay: 1s;
    }
}

@keyframes forceVisible {
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0) translateX(0) scale(1);
    }
}

/* Text Reveal Animations */
.text-reveal {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.text-reveal::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.8), transparent);
    animation: textReveal 1.5s ease-out;
}

@keyframes textReveal {
    0% { left: -100%; }
    50% { left: 0; }
    100% { left: 100%; }
}

/* Staggered Animation Delays */
.stagger-1 { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.stagger-2 { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.stagger-3 { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.stagger-4 { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.stagger-5 { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

/* Magnetic Cursor Effect */
.magnetic-element {
    transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
}

/* Reading Progress Indicator */
.reading-progress {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-red) 0%, var(--accent-red-light) 100%);
    z-index: 10000;
    transition: width 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.3);
}

/* Animated Navigation Menu */
.navbar-academic .navbar-nav .nav-item {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-20px);
    animation: navItemSlide 0.6s ease-out forwards;
}

.navbar-academic .navbar-nav .nav-item:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.navbar-academic .navbar-nav .nav-item:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.navbar-academic .navbar-nav .nav-item:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.navbar-academic .navbar-nav .nav-item:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.navbar-academic .navbar-nav .nav-item:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

@keyframes navItemSlide {
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* Enhanced Form Validation */
.form-control-academic.is-valid {
    border-color: var(--accent-green);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-white) 0%, rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.05) 100%);
    animation: validPulse 0.6s ease-out;
}

.form-control-academic.is-invalid {
    border-color: var(--accent-red-dark);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-white) 0%, rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.05) 100%);
    animation: invalidShake 0.6s ease-out;
}

@keyframes validPulse {
    0% { transform: scale(1); }
    50% { transform: scale(1.02); }
    100% { transform: scale(1); }
}

@keyframes invalidShake {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateX(0); }
    25% { transform: translateX(-5px); }
    75% { transform: translateX(5px); }
}

/* Academic High Contrast Mode */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
    :root {
        --accent-red: #dc2626;
        --primary-dark: #000000;
        --text-primary: #000000;
        --bg-white: #ffffff;
        --border-medium: #000000;
        --shadow-light: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
        --shadow-medium: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
        --shadow-heavy: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    }
}

/* PDF Button Styles */
.btn-pdf-view {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e74c3c 0%, #c0392b 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.btn-pdf-view:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #c0392b 0%, #e74c3c 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(231, 76, 60, 0.3);
}

.btn-pdf-download {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db 0%, #2980b9 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.btn-pdf-download:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2980b9 0%, #3498db 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3);
}

.btn-pdf-view-list {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e74c3c 0%, #c0392b 100%);
    border: none;
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    transition: all var(--transition-medium);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.btn-pdf-view-list:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #c0392b 0%, #e74c3c 100%);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(231, 76, 60, 0.3);
}